LO1-KC1 Managing full range of critical illness including trauma and safeguarding
A short summary in PICUlearn's own words. The original wording is in the publisher's document.
- LO1-A Intensive care management of specific conditions
- LO1-B Intensive care management and investigation
- LO1-C Further management capabilities
222 practice questions on this
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Course modules
- Ventilation basicsPICU BasicsCourse module
- BronchiolitisPICU BasicsCourse module
- PARDS and respiratory failurePICU BasicsCourse module
- Shock and sepsisPICU BasicsCourse module
- Status epilepticus and the neurological patientPICU BasicsCourse module
- DKA and metabolic emergenciesPICU BasicsCourse module
- ECMO cannulation: what the bedside team doesPICU ProceduresCourse module
- Setting up high flow and non-invasive ventilationPICU ProceduresCourse module
Videos
- Shock, Septic Shock & Inotropes | Pediatrics PG Residency | Dr. Parag Shankarrao | DocTutorialsDocTutorials Super SpecialityVideo
- Non-transplant Options in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure by A. Deep | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Trauma Evaluation in the ICU by C. Weldon | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury by L. DelSignore, A. Olszewski | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Management of acute Liver Cell Failure, and Extracorporeal Hepatic support Prof Noha El-AnwaPediatrics' Cairo universityVideo
- Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)Rush University System for HealthVideo
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)Anesthesia SDVideo
- Primer On Use Of High Flow Nasal Cannula For Pediatric BronchiolitisThe Center for Medical EducationVideo
- (Bacterial) Meningitis PathophysiologyArmando HasudunganVideo
- Pediatric Surviving Sepsis: Insights From the Leadership by M. Peters, S. Weiss | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Congenital Heart Disease in NeonatesCleveland ClinicVideo
- Epiglottitis, Croup, Bronchiolitis - Pediatric Nursing - Respiratory Disorders | @LevelUpRNLevel Up RNVideo
- Pedi ECMO - Respiratory Management in Neonatal and Pediatric ECMOPediECMO Education CommitteeVideo
- Raised Intracranial Pressure & Central Nervous System Infections by S. Singhi | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- QPS TalkTime Ep.23: A spotlight on sepsis in infants and childrenHSE National QPSVideo
- 4. A Basic guide to NIV in the acute settingIntensive Care Education & Training (ICET)Video
- DKA in Pediatrics – Emergency Management | Emergency Medicine - WebinarYashoda HospitalsVideo
- Meningitis - Medical-Surgical - Nervous System | @LevelUpRNLevel Up RNVideo
- CPAP and NIV in Pediatrics: How to Prevent Pressure Sores From the Mask?BreasVideo
- Oncologic Emergencies | Clinical MedicineNinja NerdVideo
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Medical-Surgical - Nervous System | @LevelUpRNLevel Up RNVideo
- Vasopressors (Part 1) - ICU DripsICU AdvantageVideo
- Burns (DETAILED) Overview - Types, Pathophysiology, TBSAArmando HasudunganVideo
- Paediatric Acute Liver Failure - Current ConceptsPediaLearn By Dr. Sridhurga Video
- Nursing Care of Burns: Alterations in Health - Pediatric Nursing, Integumentary System | @LevelUpRNLevel Up RNVideo
- Challenging Scenarios in Pediatric ECMO with PediECMO, PCICS, and Peds IntensivaPediECMO Education CommitteeVideo
- ATLS 2025 Chapter 11 VIDEO Trauma in the Pediatric Patientshahram paydarVideo
- Pediatrics | Nelson Based Teaching | ECMO | Raaonline #pediatrics #nbt #ecmoRaaonline.co.inVideo
- Seizures | Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Treatment, Complications/Status EpilepticusNinja NerdVideo
- PediECMO - Cardiac decompression on ECMOPediECMO Education CommitteeVideo
- Status Epilepticus - Paediatric Emergencies 2024Paediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Approach to Shock - types, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, anaphylaxis, pathology, treatmentArmando HasudunganVideo
- Pediatric Burns in Brief: Presentation, Workup, Diagnosis, and Perioperative ConsiderationsStayCurrentMDVideo
- Lung Recruitment and prone positioning in pediatric ventilationWFPICCSVideo
- Status Epilepticus with Dr. Manette Ness-Cochinwala and Dr. Anuj JayakarZac HodgesVideo
- Prone Positioning in ARDS: Why, When, and How It Saves LivesThe Critical Care PractitionerVideo
- VV ECMO Part 1: Who to cannulate to VV and how to get involvedZac HodgesVideo
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis DKA Nursing | DKA Pathophysiology Treatment Management NCLEXRegisteredNurseRNVideo
- SinapsTalk 29.0: "Introducing Basic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Pediatrics"Sinaps Medical EducationVideo
- WCE 25 Pressure Injuries in Neonatal and Pediatric PopulationsDr Gregory Weir: Vascular, Hyperbaric, Wound CareVideo
- Pediatrics | Nelson Based Teaching | Acute bronchiolitis | RaaonlineRaaonline.co.inVideo
- Pediatric Major Trauma Prevention to resolution #Pediatric #Intensivecare #TraumaRaaonline.co.inVideo
- Case Study: Congenital Heart Defects by P. Lincoln | OPENPediatricOPENPediatricsVideo
- ECMO Explained: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Basics and OverviewWBM Emergency & Critical CareVideo
- Managing Bronchiolitis & Asthma in Community Hospitals Pending Transfer to Tertiary Critical CareThe Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)Video
- Pediatric ECMO Cannulation Strategies in Refractory Septic Shock by G. MacLaren | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Asthma by G. Wolf | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Tetralogy of Fallot Overview by J. Pian, J. McKinstry | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Why Prone Positioning Failed in Children | The Curley Trial Explained in 90 SecondsPICU ReviewVideo
- What is the role of prone positioning in pediatric ARDS? Dr Martin KneyberAll about newborn care!Video
- Congenital Heart Malformations Made Easy (8 Main Types)Rhesus MedicineVideo
- Cyanotic Congenital Cardiac Defects: Diagnosis & Therapy by T. Kulik, et al. | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Burns Nursing Care, Treatment, Degrees, Pathophysiology, Management, NCLEX ReviewRegisteredNurseRNVideo
- Asthma by J. Pian, L. Chiel, L. Rubin, A. Erickson | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Pediatric Septic Shock by J. O'Hara and K. Madden | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- The Ultimate ICU Basics Guide | Ventilation, Shock, Pressors & Renal ReplacementWBM Emergency & Critical CareVideo
- Hands-on Mechanical Ventilation with G. Wolf, B. Walsh | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- How to Do an Emergency Trach Change | Cincinnati Children'sCincinnati Children'sVideo
- What is ECMO? The basics explained.ICU AdvantageVideo
- Pediatric Cardiac Arrest by R. Berg | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome by A. de Caen, A. Olszewski, L. DelSignore | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- The Multidisciplinary Team Effect on Neonatal Feeding Outcomes in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive CareJohns Hopkins MedicineVideo
- Introduction to Mechanical Ventilation by G. Wolf | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Status Epilepticus - Paediatric Emergencies 2021Paediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Hematology/Oncology Emergencies & Transfusion Ep25 | Peds Critical Care BoardsAPPNA Pediatrics Video
- Status Epilepticus - Paediatric Emergencies 2023Paediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Burns Nursing Overview | Rule of Nines, Types, Causes, CareSimpleNursingVideo
- Meningitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathologyOsmosis from ElsevierVideo
- Choosing the Right Support –A Debate on HHFNC vs NIVWFPICCSVideo
- PICULiber8: the ABCs of recoveryChildren's Healthcare CanadaVideo
- Transposition of the Great Arteries Overview by J. Pian, J. McKinstry | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- How to Implement Early Mobilization in Critically Ill Children by K. Choong, et al. | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- PEEP, recruitment and proning: Opening the lung without bursting itWFPICCSVideo
- Tracheostomy by R. Nuss, J. Perez, J. Laird-Gion | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Basic Concepts on Non-Invasive Ventilation by M. Pons | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Increased Intracranial Pressure Nursing Pathophysiology NCLEX Symptoms (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure)RegisteredNurseRNVideo
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Definition and Causes | Lecturio Critical Care NursingLecturio NursingVideo
- Pediatric Airway EmergencieAnesthesia SDVideo
- Pediatric Oncological Emergencies: TLS, Febrile Neutropenia, SVC Syndrome & Spinal Cord CompressionProblem resolvedVideo
- Meningitis Nursing Neuro NCLEX Review: Meningitis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment VaccineRegisteredNurseRNVideo
- Early Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Children by K. Choong, A. Randolph | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Understanding Sepsis (Sepsis Explained Clearly)Rhesus MedicineVideo
- 2022 Child Neurology Update (Enduring): Status Epilepticus in Neonates and ChildrenNorton HealthcareVideo
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetes Type I) Management SummaryArmando HasudunganVideo
- Cyanotic congenital HEART disease? STEP-by-STEP work upTala Talks NICUVideo
- Congenital Heart Disease by J. Pian, J. McKinstry | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- How to Approach Trauma Management 🩺🧠 | Emergency MedicineLecturio MedicalVideo
- Understanding BronchiolitisZero To FinalsVideo
- Raised Intracranial PressurePaediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Bronchiolitis by A. Growdon | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- VV vs VA ECMO Explained!ICU AdvantageVideo
- Clinical Perspectives on Refractory Shock Management: Vasopressor Strategy, Perfusion, & EscalationSCCMVideo
- Congenital Heart Defects Nursing | Learn Pediatric Cardiac DefectsSimpleNursingVideo
- Shock | Clinical MedicineNinja NerdVideo
- Bronchiolitis (causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, treatment)Armando HasudunganVideo
- PARDS: Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Ep05 | Peds Critical Care BoardsAPPNA Pediatrics Video
- Bronchiolitis - Paediatric Emergencies 2024Paediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Acute Liver Failure | Clinical MedicineNinja NerdVideo
- Pediatric Sepsis | Pediatric Grand Round - Mattel Children's Hospital UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAVideo
- Setting the Ventilator in pARDS: The First Six HoursWFPICCSVideo
- Emergency & Trauma AssessmentNursing School ExplainedVideo
- Acute Ventilation in PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)Video
- Managing Hyperglycemia in Parenteral NutritionSCCMVideo
- Meningitis - Pediatric Nursing - Nervous System Disorders | @LevelUpRNLevel Up RNVideo
- Beyond Tidal Volume: Driving Pressure and Lung Protective Ventilation in PICUWFPICCSVideo
- Managing a Patient with Febrile Neutropenia by K. Greenzang & J. Marron | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Breath by breath: the real science of gas exchangeWFPICCSVideo
- When blood meets air: VQ matching & shunt mysteriesWFPICCSVideo
- Pediatric Sepsis Updates and Changes at UHS Pediatric Grand Rounds 2 27 2026 Meeting RecordingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio - UT Health San AntonioVideo
- SepsisPaediatric EmergenciesVideo
- Summary of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases by J. Pian, J. McKinstry | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis by M. Agus | OPENPediatricsOPENPediatricsVideo
- Oncologic Emergencies and Complications (What You MUST Know)Conan Liu, M.D.Video
- Complex: Oncological EmergenciesMrs. WoodruffVideo
Guidelines and evidence
- Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC).European Society for Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (PEMVECC/ESPNIC), 2017Guideline or evidence
- Report Cards as a Sustainability Tool for Guideline Adherence in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.Pediatric Quality & Safety (journal), 2026Guideline or evidence
- Inotropes for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality for paediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease: a network meta-analysis.Cochrane, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Quality and capacity indicators for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients with critical illness: A modified delphi consensus.Cancer Medicine (international modified Delphi expert panel), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Rethinking Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock: Beyond International Consensus Criteria.Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics (expert commentary), 2025Guideline or evidence
- Impact of the francophone pediatric intensive care group bronchiolitis recommendations on diagnostic testing, antibiotic therapy and patient prognosis.Archives de Pédiatrie (Société française de pédiatrie) – study of GFRUP guidelines, 2026Guideline or evidence
- Prospective Evaluation of Adherence to French Guidelines on Early Onset Sepsis Management.The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2025Guideline or evidence
- High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for children with bronchiolitis: Implementation of a national guideline.Acta Paediatrica, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Cognitive function following diabetic ketoacidosis in young children with type 1 diabetes.Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism (journal), 2023Guideline or evidence
- International expert consensus statement on PICU admission and early critical care management for paediatric patients following haematopoietic cell transplant and immune effector cell therapy.ESPNIC / PALISI / EBMT, 2025Guideline or evidence
- The effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on acute kidney injury after pediatric congenital heart surgery: A prospective randomized trial.Medicine (journal), 2017Guideline or evidence
- Adherence to surviving sepsis guidelines among pediatric intensivists. A national survey.Saudi Medical Journal, 2017Guideline or evidence
- Ketogenic diet therapy for children with super-refractory status epilepticus in intensive care: International clinical practice recommendations.International consensus group (Epilepsia Open), 2026Guideline or evidence
- [Interpretation on the "surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children"].Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2020Guideline or evidence
- Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: International consensus criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock.Society of Critical Care Medicine (Phoenix criteria), 2024Guideline or evidence
- Tranexamic acid and beyond: A systematic review of pediatric post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage protocols and introduction of a universal management guideline.International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2026Guideline or evidence
- Consensus statement on the use of standardized early mobilization in pediatric patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units in Italy.Italian Society of Neonatal and Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SARNePI), 2026Guideline or evidence
- European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support.European Resuscitation Council, 2021Guideline or evidence
- Development and validation of a diagnostic model for early differentiation of sepsis and non-infectious SIRS in critically ill children - a data-driven approach using machine-learning algorithms.BMC Pediatrics, 2018Guideline or evidence
- Commentary: Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition: Update of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines, Executive Summary.Brain Trauma Foundation, 2019Guideline or evidence
- Consensus statement of the Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Section of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy on the use of VV ECMO in paediatric patients for the treatment of acute respiratory failure.Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy (Paediatric Section), 2026Guideline or evidence
- Admission Criteria to Paediatric Intensive Care for Oncology Haematology Patients: Updates and Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations.Pediatric Reports (review article), 2026Guideline or evidence
- Association Between Adherence to Guidelines and Patient Outcomes in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.Journal of Neurotrauma, 2025Guideline or evidence
- A Dutch nationwide pediatric cardiac arrest registry with long-term follow-up - towards an international prognostication guideline.Resuscitation Plus (PROGNOSE registry, Netherlands), 2025Guideline or evidence
- Conservative management of pediatric patients with solid organ injury after blunt abdominal trauma. Consensus sponsored by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Surgery.Spanish Society of Pediatric Surgery (SECP), 2026Guideline or evidence
- BSPED Guideline for the Management of Children and Young People under the age of 18 years with Diabetic KetoacidosisBritish Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED), 2024Guideline or evidence
- Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management (NICE guideline NG18)NICE, 2023Guideline or evidence
- Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NICE guideline NG217)NICE, 2026Guideline or evidence
- Priorities for Clinical Research in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation From the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) / Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Head injury: assessment and early management (NICE guideline NG232)NICE, 2023Guideline or evidence
- Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management (NICE guideline NG51)NICE, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management (NICE guideline NG9)NICE, 2021Guideline or evidence
- Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children.Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SCCM/ESICM), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Commentary: Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition: Update of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines, Executive Summary.Brain Trauma Foundation, 2019Guideline or evidence
- Red blood cell transfusion threshold after pediatric cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (journal), 2019Guideline or evidence
- ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.ISPAD, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Oxygen therapy for acute respiratory infections in young children in developing countriesWorld Health Organization, 1993Guideline or evidence
- Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic epilepsy following pediatric traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epilepsia, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Expert consensus‑based clinical practice guidelines for nutritional support in the intensive care unit: the French Intensive Care Society (SRLF) and the French-Speaking Group of Pediatric Emergency Physicians and Intensivists (GFRUP).French Intensive Care Society (SRLF) / GFRUP, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Complications of tracheostomy in children: a systematic review.Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Efficacy of Prophylactic Dexmedetomidine in Preventing Postoperative Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017Guideline or evidence
- In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021Guideline or evidence
- Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in maintaining hemodynamic stability in pediatric cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jornal de Pediatria, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Management of Bleeding and Thrombotic Complications During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Combination of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in children and adolescents with asthma: A meta-analysis.PLoS One, 2021Guideline or evidence
- Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference.Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), SCCM, 2024Guideline or evidence
- The efficacy of pre-emptive dexmedetomidine versus amiodarone in preventing postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric cardiac surgery.Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 2016Guideline or evidence
- The Perspective of the Intensivist on Inotropes and Postoperative Care Following Pediatric Heart Surgery: An International Survey and Systematic Review of the Literature.World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery, 2018Guideline or evidence
- Does intravenous sildenafil clinically ameliorate pulmonary hypertension during perioperative management of congenital heart diseases in children? - a prospective randomized study.Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 2015Guideline or evidence
- Role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Candida thrombophlebitis in children: a systematic review of the literature.Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020Guideline or evidence
- COVID-19 PICU guidelines: for high- and limited-resource settings.International PICU COVID-19 Collaboration (Pediatric Research), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Recommendations for hemodynamic monitoring for critically ill children-expert consensus statement issued by the cardiovascular dynamics section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC).ESPNIC, 2020Guideline or evidence
- Role of vasopressin and terlipressin in refractory shock compared to conventional therapy in the neonatal and pediatric population: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2017Guideline or evidence
- Nutritional support for children during critical illness: European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) metabolism, endocrine and nutrition section position statement and clinical recommendations.ESPNIC, 2020Guideline or evidence
- The Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on Post-operative Hospital Stay and Complications in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of Caring Sciences, 2023Guideline or evidence
- SEVERE PERTUSSIS IN CHILDHOOD: UPDATE AND CONTROVERSY - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.Revista Paulista de Pediatria (Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo), 2019Guideline or evidence
- ASH/ISTH 2026 guidelines for anticoagulant prophylaxis in pediatric patients at risk of venous thromboembolism.American Society of Hematology / ISTH, 2026Guideline or evidence
- Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist vs. Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in Adults and Children With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in Medicine, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Recommendations for the community-based management of prolonged convulsive seizures in children in Europe.BMC Pediatrics (European expert panel), 2026Guideline or evidence
- Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Organisms in a Pediatric Center: A Randomized Controlled Study.Medicina (Kaunas), 2024Guideline or evidence
- International Consensus Recommendations for the Treatment of Pediatric NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis.International NMDARE Consensus Panel (Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation), 2021Guideline or evidence
- Decompressive craniectomy in paediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of current evidence.Child's Nervous System (Springer), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Management of convulsive status epilepticus in children: an adapted clinical practice guideline for pediatricians in Saudi Arabia.Saudi Pediatric Neurology Society (Neurosciences, Riyadh), 2017Guideline or evidence
- Association of guideline publication and delays to treatment in pediatric status epilepticus.Neurology (pSERG), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Survey of Pediatric Status Epilepticus Treatment Practices and Adherence to Management Guidelines (Pedi-SPECTRUM e-Survey).Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine), 2024Guideline or evidence
- Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus in emergency settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Neurology, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Point-of-care EEG in the pediatric emergency department: a systematic review.European Journal of Pediatrics, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial.Lancet (NIHR HTA-funded EcLiPSE trial), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Italian guidelines on the assessment and management of pediatric head injury in the emergency department.Italian Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (SIMEUP), 2018Guideline or evidence
- A systematic review and quality analysis of pediatric traumatic brain injury clinical practice guidelines.PLoS One, 2018Guideline or evidence
- Adherence to pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis guidelines by community emergency departments' providers.International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2017Guideline or evidence
- Neonatal adrenal insufficiency: Turkish Neonatal and Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Societies consensus report.Turkish Neonatal and Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Societies, 2018Guideline or evidence
- Tight glycemic control in critically ill pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2018Guideline or evidence
- Management of severe asthma exacerbation: guidelines from the Société Française de Médecine d'Urgence, the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française and the French Group for Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergencies.SFMU/SRLF/GFRUP (French societies), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Clinical guidelines on pediatric asthma exacerbation in emergency department, a narrative review.European Journal of Translational Myology, 2020Guideline or evidence
- Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of asthma in children: case report and literature review.Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 2016Guideline or evidence
- Management of asthma exacerbations in the paediatric population: a systematic review.European Respiratory Review (European Respiratory Society), 2021Guideline or evidence
- Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.World Journal of Pediatrics (multidisciplinary expert consensus group), 2024Guideline or evidence
- UPDATE - 2022 Italian guidelines on the management of bronchiolitis in infants.Italian Society of Pediatrics (Italian Journal of Pediatrics), 2023Guideline or evidence
- Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants.Italian inter-society panel (Italian Journal of Pediatrics), 2014Guideline or evidence
- Efficacy and safety of high flow nasal oxygen for children with bronchiolitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 2021Guideline or evidence
- SABRE: a multicentre randomised control trial of nebulised hypertonic saline in infants hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis.Thorax (SABRE trial investigators, UK), 2014Guideline or evidence
- Oxygen saturation targets in infants with bronchiolitis (BIDS): a double-blind, randomised, equivalence trial.Lancet (BIDS trial, NIHR HTA), 2015Guideline or evidence
- Monoclonal Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.JAMA Network Open, 2023Guideline or evidence
- Comparison of Prevalence and Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Using Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Criteria and Berlin Definition.Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2018Guideline or evidence
- FIRST-line support for Assistance in Breathing in Children (FIRST-ABC): a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial of high-flow nasal cannula therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure in paediatric critical care.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2018Guideline or evidence
- The perinatal period should be considered in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome: comparison of the Montreux definition vs. the second pediatric acute lung injury consensus conference definition.Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2023Guideline or evidence
- Randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal therapy in African children with pneumonia.Intensive Care Medicine (COAST trial investigators), 2021Guideline or evidence
- Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Updates in the Light of the PALICC-2 Guidelines.Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps.ESPNIC, 2021Guideline or evidence
- Extracorporeal life support in pediatric trauma: a systematic review.Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open (BMJ), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Phenotypes based on respiratory drive and effort to identify the risk factors when P0.1 fails to estimate ∆PES in ventilated children.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2024Guideline or evidence
- Estimation of inspiratory effort using airway occlusion maneuvers in ventilated children: a secondary analysis of an ongoing randomized trial testing a lung and diaphragm protective ventilation strategy.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2023Guideline or evidence
- Safety and efficacy of pulmonary surfactant therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2025Guideline or evidence
- High-Frequency Oscillation vs Mechanical Ventilation for Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Network Open, 2026Guideline or evidence
- Continuous Magnesium Sulfate Infusions for Status Asthmaticus in Children: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Permissive versus restrictive temperature thresholds in critically ill children with fever and infection: a multicentre randomized clinical pilot trial.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Chinese expert consensus on the Management of Pediatric Deep Partial-Thickness Burn Wounds (2023 edition).Chinese expert committee (Burns & Trauma), 2023Guideline or evidence
- Variations in Guidelines for Diagnosis of Child Physical Abuse in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.JAMA Network Open, 2021Guideline or evidence
- European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Paediatric Life Support.European Resuscitation Council, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Manual on paediatric HIV care and treatment for district hospitals: addendum to the Pocket book of hospital care of childrenWorld Health Organization, 2011Guideline or evidence
- Guideline on management of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children up to 10 years of ageWorld Health Organization, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Development and Implementation of Pediatric ICU-based Mobility Guidelines: A Quality Improvement Initiative.Pediatric Quality & Safety (journal), 2021Guideline or evidence
- Executive Summary of the Second International Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PALICC-2).Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2), 2023Guideline or evidence
- 1142. Implementation and Impact of a Tracheitis Diagnosis and Management Guideline in a Pediatric Intensive Care UnitOpen Forum Infectious Diseases (IDWeek abstract), 2019Guideline or evidence
- Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Virus-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Furosemide versus ethacrynic acid in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2015Guideline or evidence
- Preoperative oral thyroid hormones to prevent euthyroid sick syndrome and attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Medicine (journal), 2018Guideline or evidence
- Anticoagulation Monitoring and Targets: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), PCCM/SCCM, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Anticoagulant Medications: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), PCCM/SCCM, 2024Guideline or evidence
- Guidelines for the management of emergencies and critical illness in pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease.Annals of Intensive Care (French expert panel), 2025Guideline or evidence
- Randomized control study of nebulized colistin as an adjunctive therapy in ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric postoperative cardiac surgical population.Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 2022Guideline or evidence
- Dietary Management of Children With Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review and Experience in a Single UK Tertiary Centre.Frontiers in Neurology, 2021Guideline or evidence
- 0.9% saline versus Plasma-Lyte as initial fluid in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (SPinK trial): a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Critical Care (London), 2020Guideline or evidence
- Early resuscitation of dengue shock syndrome in children with hyperosmolar sodium-lactate: a randomized single-blind clinical trial of efficacy and safety.Critical Care (BioMed Central), 2014Guideline or evidence
- Pertussis infection in critically ill infants: meta-analysis and validation of a mortality score.Critical Care (London, England), 2025Guideline or evidence
- Balanced crystalloid versus saline for resuscitation in pediatric septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Pediatrics, 2025Guideline or evidence
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in children < 2 years with bronchiolitis in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era.PLoS One, 2020Guideline or evidence
- The role of viral co-infections in the severity of acute respiratory infections among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Global Health, 2020Guideline or evidence
Calculators
- Fluid bolus by weightCalculator
- Burns fluid resuscitation (Parkland)Calculator
- Burns area (Lund and Browder)Calculator
- Glasgow Coma Scale (adult and paediatric)Calculator
- Corrected sodium in DKACalculator
- Effective osmolalityCalculator
- Oxygenation index (OI and OSI)Calculator
- Phoenix Sepsis ScoreCalculator
- Paediatric NIH Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS)Calculator
- Tidal volume by weightCalculator