Calculators

Resuscitation and airway

• Weight estimation by ageAPLS formulas for an estimated weight when the child can't be weighed.
• Fluid bolus by weightBolus volume from weight, with the NICE 10 mL/kg default.
• Endotracheal tube size and depthTube size (cuffed and uncuffed) and insertion depth for children aged 1 year and over.
• Normal vital signs by ageUsual breathing rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure ranges for age.

Fluids and burns

• Maintenance fluids (Holliday–Segar)Daily and hourly maintenance fluid volumes from weight, as used by NICE.
• Burns fluid resuscitation (Parkland)First 24 hours of resuscitation fluid for major burns, with maintenance added for children.
• Burns area (Lund and Browder)Percentage of body surface burned, adjusted for age.

Breathing and ventilation

• Oxygenation index (OI and OSI)OI, OSI, P/F and S/F ratios, with PARDS severity from PALICC-2.
• Tidal volume by weightTidal volumes from 3 to 8 mL/kg for lung-protective ventilation.

Circulation and sepsis

• Mean arterial pressureEstimated MAP from systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
• Phoenix Sepsis ScoreThe 2024 international criteria for sepsis and septic shock in children.
• Corrected QT interval (QTc)QT corrected for heart rate, by the Bazett and Fridericia formulas.

Neurology

• Glasgow Coma Scale (adult and paediatric)GCS with the paediatric version for younger children, reported as E, V and M.
• Paediatric NIH Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS)The paediatric version of the NIH Stroke Scale, for children aged 2 to 18.

Blood tests and kidneys

• Anion gapAnion gap, with or without potassium, and corrected for a low albumin.
• Corrected sodium in DKASodium corrected for a high glucose, by the BSPED formula (ISPAD alongside).
• Effective osmolalityEffective (tonicity) and calculated serum osmolality, for DKA and HHS.
• Bedside Schwartz eGFREstimated kidney function in children from height and creatinine.

Elsewhere

DKA fluids and insulin: UK units use the BSPED paediatric DKA calculator, which builds a full care pathway from the BSPED guideline. Outside the UK, follow ISPAD or your national guidance.